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Who should be charged? Principles for fair allocation of electricity system costs

This Policy Brief sets out four principles for pricing electricity fairly

Conall Heussaff, Eva Jüngling, Simone Tagliapietra and Georg Zachmann

The governance and funding of European rearmament

Europe must accelerate rearmament through deeper cooperation and innovative governance to counter Russia’s aggression and shifting US policies

Guntram B. Wolff, Armin Steinbach and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

Making the best of the new EU Social Climate Fund

Governments should employ good practices in tackling building and transport emissions whilst protecting the most vulnerable

Eva Jüngling, Giovanni Sgaravatti, Simone Tagliapietra and Georg Zachmann

The demographic divide: inequalities in ageing across the European Union

Demographic changes will pose challenges to all EU countries, but not in a uniform way

David Pinkus and Nina Ruer

How DeepSeek has changed artificial intelligence and what it means for Europe

This Policy Brief analyses innovations in AI models over the past half year and examines the economic implications for AI companies and policymakers

Bertin Martens

Reinforcing EU merger control against the risks of acquisitions by big tech

The burden of proving that a merger is not anti-competitive should be shifted onto gatekeepers

Mario Mariniello

Ukraine: European democracy’s affordable arsenal

A future enlarged EU, including Ukraine, should take full advantage of the lower-cost military production capabilities of Ukraine

Jacob Funk Kirkegaard

Will China’s economy follow the same path as Japan’s?

Since the 2021 bursting of its real-estate bubble, worries have grown that China's future economic trajectory will mirror that of Japan in the 1990s

Alicia García-Herrero and Jianwei Xu

Europeans still want climate action, but don't trust governments to deliver

Despite recent election results, underlying concern about climate change has not changed significantly

Jan Eichhorn and Heather Grabbe

Europe’s energy information problem

Choices are needed about responsibilities at European and national levels, expanding existing institutions or creating new independent ones

Ben McWilliams, Simone Tagliapietra and Georg Zachmann

The European Union’s new fiscal framework: a good start, but challenges loom

Nicolas Boivin and Zsolt Darvas

How to improve the European Union’s sustainable finance framework

Five adjustments would make the EU sustainable finance framework more effective at delivering the desired alignment of incentives

Silvia Merler

Upgrading Europe's electricity grid is about more than just money

Interconnection is vital for European energy security, decarbonisation and cost reduction

Conall Heussaff and Georg Zachmann

Not yet Trump-proof: an evaluation of the European Commission’s emerging policy platform

This policy brief evaluates the capacity of the EU’s economic strategy to address structural problems and whether policy needs to change under Trump

Heather Grabbe and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

Prepare now: Europe must get ready for the coming long-term care surge

In many countries, demand for long-term care services outpaces supply, leading to a ‘care gap’

Svend E. Hougaard Jensen, David Pinkus and Nina Ruer

Using data as a production factor: policy ideas for a new EU data strategy

How should the EU go about designing a data-market regime that maximises the efficient use of data as an economic production factor?

Bertin Martens