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The US defence industrial base can no longer reliably supply Europe

Europe has long relied on US weapons but the US military industrial base faces constraints and its production may be redirected elsewhere

A European defence industrial strategy in a hostile world

Any strategy will need to take account of evolving Russian capacities, evolving political willingness and evolving defence industrial capacities

Europe stands increasingly alone on defence production and needs to act

Europe must rebuild its defence industry; reliance on the US is no longer tenable, whatever the outcome of the US presidential election

Less complacency, more investment: a European defence procurement strategy would be cheaper

It is time for decision-makers to consider bold steps to strengthen European defence

Financing European air defence through European Union debt

In this paper, we propose the creation of an EU funding mechanism to internalise the positive externalities provided by national air-defence systems

Fit for war in decades: sluggish German rearmament versus surging Russian defence production

It will take Germany, and Europe more generally, decades to match current Russian volumes of weapons production

In conversation with Eurogroup President Paschal Donohoe: Strengthening EU public finances, defence and security

How can the EU harness public finances for new priorities like defence and security?

What role do imports play in European defence?

The European Union wants to reduce reliance on imported defence equipment, but the reliance seems to be overstated

Debt financing European air defence

A case can be made for financing European air defence through issuance of EU debt

Tough trade-offs: the big strategic issues for the next EU term

Three overarching economic policy trade-offs will set the context for the new Commission from the beginning of its mandate

European Union debt will boost air defense

European Union debt to boost European air defence

European Union borrowing could help fund air defence for the continent, while taking pressure off national defence budgets