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Europe’s economic challenges discussed at the European Forum Alpbach

At the 2024 forum (17-30 August 2024), Bruegel participated as a Track Reporting Partner covering the finance and economy track

The European Union’s Geopolitical Ambitions: Enlargement, Neighbourhood and Necessary Institutional Changes

Joint defence as a European public good

Designing conditionality in the supply of European public goods

This paper studies the consequences of placing conditions on access to sources of central financing

European Union public procurement reform: a difficult but essential balancing act

Upcoming reform of EU public procurement rules will need to reconcile various trade-offs – and should be prioritised to get the benefits sooner

Extra time for deforestation: lessons for future EU environmental legislation

This Policy Brief sets out why the deforestation regulation has the right objectives but needed better design and preparation for implementation

From division to unity: 35 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall

What was daily life like in Germany before and after the fall of the Berlin Wall? And how did reunification change everything?

A special historical analysis: Europe’s 35-year journey since the fall of the Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall fell on 9 November 1989, triggering huge political and economic change; the question now is whether the gains can be safeguarded

The end of Russian gas transit via Ukraine and options for the EU

The EU should seek a common position on the upcoming end to the contract governing Russian gas transit through Ukraine

An uphill struggle: a long-term perspective on the European public goods debate

This paper analyses what arguments European policymakers have used in discussions about centralising public expenditures at EU level

Banking union and the long wait for cross-border integration

European Union duties on electric vehicles point to new era of EU-China relations

The EU's move to introduce tariffs on Chinese EVs is surprising given the bloc's main dependence on imports

Do the European Institutions really need language diversity?

This episode sheds light on how languages shape the European Union's unique identity and democracy

The European Commission’s duties on Chinese electric vehicles are a mistake

An EU duty on electric cars from China overstates the problem and will do more harm than good