³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø

Europe’s gas outlook for 2023

Is Europe’s energy crisis over?

Europe needs new rules if Russia offers gas again

Russia could try to split the EU with a strategic gas offer. Brussels should therefore re-regulate Russian gas imports.

Europe’s half a million barrels per day diesel supply question

A new European Union embargo on Russian oil products should not affect EU diesel supplies and prices, but could encourage re-routing by Russia.

How should Europe react to the Inflation Reduction Act?

A deep dive into the IRA and its expected impact on the world trade system.

Climate versus trade? Reconciling international subsidy rules with industrial decarbonisation

Environmental subsidies could be justified when emissions taxation is not feasible or is insufficient due to political economy constraints.

Preparing for the next winter: Europe’s gas outlook for 2023

We explore in detail the two pillars of energy security: LNG supply and the nature and volume of natural-gas demand reductions.

How would the European Union fare without Russian energy?

This contribution explores how Europe can manage without the imports of Russian coal, crude oil, oil products and natural gas.

Concessional climate finance: the Bridgetown Initiative

E-commerce and the EU Green Deal - Analysis of the environmental footprint of online sales in the context of the circular economy

This study provides information on the role of e-commerce in implementing the European Green Deal and makes recommendations for future action.

Buying time for proper electricity market reform

A structural reform of the electricity market is necessary in light of the increasing demand for electricity and the growing share of renewable energy

Energy crisis: five questions that must be answered in 2023

Here’s how researchers can help overcome the threats arising from market turmoil and geopolitical realignment after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

National energy policy responses to the energy crisis

Beating the European Energy Crisis

The EU needs a grand bargain that reduces demand, increases supply, and keeps energy markets open.