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How should the European Union’s industry respond to the energy crisis?

Having weathered the 2022 energy crisis, it is time to consider its longer-term repercussions on the European Union’s industry.

How can an EU industrial policy mitigate the effects of rising energy costs?

EU strategic autonomy and industrial policy

Testimony before the Committee on European Affairs at the French National Assembly.

Annual Report 2022

The Bruegel annual report provides a broad overview of the organisation's work in the previous year

Green transition: create a European energy agency

As energy and climate economists, we propose that a European energy agency be set up to guide the continent’s transition to net-zero carbon by 2050.

North Sea Summit: blowing in the wind?

Mobilising transition finance will require credible corporate climate plans

Many jurisdictions now require companies to demonstrate ‘climate alignment’; investors need tools to evaluate whether transition plans are credible

The ‘Green Golden Rule’ for the Green Transition

Given the need to reduce large budget deficits, what are some strategies for increasing public climate spending?

Assessing Europe’s strategy on critical raw materials

What role do critical raw materials play in the EU’s industrial policy?

The Net-Zero Industry Act puts EU credibility at risk

The EU Net-Zero Industry Act looks like it’s been set up to keep everyone happy – and to achieve limited results.

Phased European Union electricity market reform

In this paper, we set out a framework for evaluating the many interrelated issues in the current EU electricity market reform.

EU electricity market design reform: too quick a fix for a complex problem?

EU proposals on stimulating energy investment signal a paradigm shift; much more clarity is needed before they can be agreed.

Europe is out of the immediate energy crisis

The challenge now for policymakers and industry alike is to smoothly facilitate a transition toward structurally lower gas consumption.