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Russian internet outage offers clues about online ‘goblin’ army

The outage provides new evidence of the Russian state’s use of bot networks to influence public discourse on Western social media platforms

BRICS is becoming a more solid construction

BRICS is consolidating into a China-dominated bloc that aims to shape the global order; the West should pay attention

Russian foreign trade tracker

Future European Union gas imports: balancing different objectives

Criteria including derisking, climate considerations, methane intensities and transportation security should inform decisions on the EU’s gas imports

Russia's immobilised reserves

Testimony to the Dutch Committee on Foreign Affairs

How to harvest the windfall profits from Russian assets in Europe

The challenge still remains of crafting a syndicated loan for Ukraine backed by G7 members that strikes a fair deal on burden sharing

Use the financial system to enforce export controls on Russia

Prohibition of Western tech exports to Russia is not working; rapid measures are needed to tighten up

Stay away from Russian money

The EU would shoot itself in the foot by confiscating Russian assets and giving them to Ukraine

Emerging countries have replaced most of Russia’s lost trade with advanced economies

Russian trade overall seems to have suffered little from sanctions; meanwhile, medicine and food trade continues with sanctioning countries

The European Union-Russia energy divorce: state of play

EU-Russia energy trade has fallen hugely since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, but the EU could still do more to reduce dependence

What to do with frozen Russian assets

How could the EU help further fund Ukraine two years into the war?

Potential Geoeconomic and Geopolitical Consequences of an Expanded BRICS

The European Union should do better than confiscate Russia’s reserve money

The EU can use interest income made on immobilised Russian reserve assets to support Ukraine, but confiscating the assets now would be a mistake

The limits of the effectiveness of EU sanctions on Russia

Rule of law rules future European Union enlargement

Clearer rule of law standards are needed to prevent strategic use of corruption in both enlargement countries and the current EU.

Europe’s strategic challenge

The EU should pursue ‘gradual and pragmatic federalism,’ underpinned by essential governance reform.