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Mario Draghi was Prime Minister of Italy from February 13, 2021 to October 25, 2022. He was President of the European Central Bank from 2011 to 2019. He was Governor of the Bank of Italy and Chairman of the Financial Stability Board from 2006 to 2011. Previously he was Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Goldman Sachs International (2002-2005), Director General of the Treasury (1991-2001), Chairman of the Economic and Financial Committee of the European Community (2000-2001), Chairman of OECD Working Party 3 (1999-2001) and Executive Director of the World Bank (1984-1990). Between 1975 and 1990 he was Professor of Economics at the Universities of Trento, Padua, Venice and Florence. Since 2009 he has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton. He graduated from the Sapienza University of Rome in 1970 and he received his Ph.D. in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977.