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The changing dynamics of the Western Balkans on the road to European Union membership: an update

This paper concentrates on economic and social convergence in the region and the economic and institutional aspects of EU accession

Overcome divisions and confront threats: Memo to the Presidents of the European Commission, Council and Parliament

Memo to the Presidents of the European Commission, Council and Parliament

Are the European Union’s new fiscal rules in trouble already?

What are the implications of the EU's new fiscal rules?

The implications of the European Union’s new fiscal rules

This policy brief summarises the main features of the new European Union fiscal framework

How much does Europe pay for clean air?

Despite major progress, the cost of air pollution is still huge for the European Union

European Union debt will boost air defense

European Union debt to boost European air defence

European Union borrowing could help fund air defence for the continent, while taking pressure off national defence budgets

Three risks that must be addressed for new European Union fiscal rules to succeed

The reform, completed in April 2024, left implementation unaddressed, or at least open to very different potential outcomes

The impact on the European Union of Ukraine’s potential future accession

This report evaluates the impact on the EU of a possible EU accession of Ukraine, focusing on economic consequences and institutional developments.

Broader border taxes: a new option for European Union budget resources

The purpose of this paper is to review the Commission’s proposal and to contribute new ideas for ‘genuine’ own resources

To become a geopolitical player the European Union needs Treaty change

The EU will never become a serious geopolitical player without reducing national veto power.

Assessing the Ecofin compromise on fiscal rules reform

The compromise reached by the Ecofin Council is imperfect. But it is still a big step forward.

When will the European Union finally get the budget it needs?

The EU budget needs radical reform, but certain conditions must be in place for it to succeed.

Debt dynamics: Exploring EU borrowing in changing times

As interest costs rise, the EU should review how they are accounted for in its budget and financial framework.

The rising cost of European Union borrowing and what to do about it

Interest rates on the EU debt have risen substantially since 2022: what are the main drivers and implications and what to do about it?