³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø

A European defence industrial strategy in a hostile world

Any strategy will need to take account of evolving Russian capacities, evolving political willingness and evolving defence industrial capacities

One bad Apple decision: EU tax ruling entrenches distortions

Ireland’s massive tax windfall highlights once again the pressing need for reform of profit allocation rules

European Union public procurement reform: a difficult but essential balancing act

Upcoming reform of EU public procurement rules will need to reconcile various trade-offs – and should be prioritised to get the benefits sooner

Extra time for deforestation: lessons for future EU environmental legislation

This Policy Brief sets out why the deforestation regulation has the right objectives but needed better design and preparation for implementation

From division to unity: 35 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall

What was daily life like in Germany before and after the fall of the Berlin Wall? And how did reunification change everything?

What Europe can expect of Trump: a timeline

A handy guide to the main decisions and milestones of the second Trump administration.

A special historical analysis: Europe’s 35-year journey since the fall of the Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall fell on 9 November 1989, triggering huge political and economic change; the question now is whether the gains can be safeguarded

A fork in the road for EU competition policy

In her instructions to the incoming EU competition commissioner, Ursula von der Leyen equivocates on the issue of national champions

Management of debt liabilities in the EU budget under the post-2027 MFF

Europe stands increasingly alone on defence production and needs to act

Europe must rebuild its defence industry; reliance on the US is no longer tenable, whatever the outcome of the US presidential election

Russian internet outage offers clues about online ‘goblin’ army

The outage provides new evidence of the Russian state’s use of bot networks to influence public discourse on Western social media platforms

Inflation inequality in the European Union and its drivers

Should the European Union’s fiscal rules bend to accommodate the defence transition?

EU debt rules should not be changed to exempt increased defence spending, but some flexibility could be considered

What can Europe learn from Japanification?

Japan’s experience in dealing with an ageing population and deflation could provide important lessons for Europe and beyond

An uphill struggle: a long-term perspective on the European public goods debate

This paper analyses what arguments European policymakers have used in discussions about centralising public expenditures at EU level

Banking union and the long wait for cross-border integration