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The ECB as part of an imperfect architecture

Croatia’s accession into the euro area

What are the implications of Croatia joining the euro area?

If it doesn’t trade, is it really marketable debt?

Europe’s bond markets are essential infrastructure, just like the power grid.

Conditionality in the global financial architecture

Is the EU fiscal rules reform going in the right direction?

Reviewing the European Commission’s proposal for reforming the Stability and Growth Pact.

European Union fiscal rules: is a better system feasible?

EU countries seem to be converging on a set of reform objectives. But can these be jointly satisfied? Two recent proposals offer some hope.

How European Union energy policies could mitigate the coming recession

The European Union faces recession, but the way in which policymakers manage the energy crisis will determine its depth and duration.

Autumn 2022 economic outlook: a new chapter

Bruegel’s new Director Jeromin Zettelmeyer and Maria Demertzis discuss the European economic outlook.

Euro-dollar parity: beyond symbolism

Lack of certainty that the euro will stay prevents it from a greater international role. Until addressed, the dollar will continue to be hegemon.

Discretion lets Croatia in but leaves Bulgaria out of the euro area in 2023

Crucial decisions about whether a country can join the euro area depend on questionable discretionary decisions.

How to reconcile increased green public investment needs with fiscal consolidation

The EU’s ambitious emissions reduction targets will require a major increase in green investments. This column considers options for increasing public

The Euro in 2022

An annual review of the euro published jointly by Fundación ICO and Fundación de Estudios Financieros to expand knowledge, raise awareness of the sing